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UTF-8 Encoding Debugging Nautical chart

Here is a Encoding Problem Nautical chart that aids in debugging common UTF-eight character encoding problems. See these iii typical problem scenarios that the chart can help with.

• Encoding Trouble 1: Treating UTF-eight Bytes every bit Windows-1252 or ISO-8859-1
• Encoding Problem 2: Incorrect Double Mis-Conversion
• Encoding Problem 3: ISO-8859-ane vs Windows-1252

Debugging Chart Mapping Windows-1252 Characters to UTF-8 Bytes to Latin-1 Characters

The following chart shows the characters in Windows-1252 from 128 to 255 (hex 80 to FF). The Unicode code point for each character is listed and the hex values for each of the bytes in the UTF-8 encoding for the aforementioned characters. These UTF-8 bytes are also displayed every bit if they were Windows-1252 characters. Y'all tin employ this chart to debug problems where these sequences of Latin characters occur, where only ane graphic symbol was expected. If you lucifer the sequence that occurs to the sequence in the nautical chart, and the expected value in the chart matches the value that yous expected to see, then the problem is existence acquired by UTF-8 bytes being interpreted as Windows-1252 (or ISO 8859-1) bytes. See Encoding Problem: Treating UTF-eight Bytes every bit Windows-1252 or ISO-8859-1 for a more detailed explanation.

Table for Debugging Common UTF-viii Character Encoding Bug.

Lawmaking Signal		Characters		UTF-viii Bytes		Code Point		Characters		UTF-8 Bytes
Unicode	Windows 1252	Expected	Actual			Unicode	Windows 1252	Expected	Actual
U+20AC	0x80	€	€	%E2 %82 %Air conditioning		U+00C0	0xC0	À	À	%C3 %80
	0x81					U+00C1	0xC1	Á	Ã	%C3 %81
U+201A	0x82	‚	‚	%E2 %80 %9A		U+00C2	0xC2	Â	Â	%C3 %82
U+0192	0x83	ƒ	Æ'	%C6 %92		U+00C3	0xC3	Ã	Ã	%C3 %83
U+201E	0x84	„	„	%E2 %80 %9E		U+00C4	0xC4	Ä	Ä	%C3 %84
U+2026	0x85	…	…	%E2 %80 %A6		U+00C5	0xC5	Å	Ã…	%C3 %85
U+2020	0x86	†	â€	%E2 %eighty %A0		U+00C6	0xC6	Æ	Æ	%C3 %86
U+2021	0x87	‡	‡	%E2 %80 %A1		U+00C7	0xC7	Ç	Ç	%C3 %87
U+02C6	0x88	ˆ	ˆ	%CB %86		U+00C8	0xC8	È	È	%C3 %88
U+2030	0x89	‰	‰	%E2 %80 %B0		U+00C9	0xC9	É	É	%C3 %89
U+0160	0x8A	Š	Å	%C5 %A0		U+00CA	0xCA	Ê	Ê	%C3 %8A
U+2039	0x8B	‹	‹	%E2 %lxxx %B9		U+00CB	0xCB	Ë	Ë	%C3 %8B
U+0152	0x8C	Œ	Å'	%C5 %92		U+00CC	0xCC	Ì	ÃŒ	%C3 %8C
	0x8D					U+00CD	0xCD	Í	Ã	%C3 %8D
U+017D	0x8E	Ž	Ž	%C5 %BD		U+00CE	0xCE	Î	ÃŽ	%C3 %8E
	0x8F					U+00CF	0xCF	Ï	Ã	%C3 %8F
	0x90					U+00D0	0xD0	Ð	Ã	%C3 %xc
U+2018	0x91	'	‘	%E2 %80 %98		U+00D1	0xD1	Ñ	Ã'	%C3 %91
U+2019	0x92	'	’	%E2 %80 %99		U+00D2	0xD2	Ò	Ã'	%C3 %92
U+201C	0x93	"	“	%E2 %80 %9C		U+00D3	0xD3	Ó	Ã"	%C3 %93
U+201D	0x94	"	â€	%E2 %80 %9D		U+00D4	0xD4	Ô	Ã"	%C3 %94
U+2022	0x95	•	•	%E2 %80 %A2		U+00D5	0xD5	Õ	Õ	%C3 %95
U+2013	0x96	–	â€"	%E2 %80 %93		U+00D6	0xD6	Ö	Ö	%C3 %96
U+2014	0x97	—	â€"	%E2 %fourscore %94		U+00D7	0xD7	×	×	%C3 %97
U+02DC	0x98	˜	Ëœ	%CB %9C		U+00D8	0xD8	Ø	Ø	%C3 %98
U+2122	0x99	™	â„¢	%E2 %84 %A2		U+00D9	0xD9	Ù	Ù	%C3 %99
U+0161	0x9A	š	Å¡	%C5 %A1		U+00DA	0xDA	Ú	Ú	%C3 %9A
U+203A	0x9B	›	›	%E2 %80 %BA		U+00DB	0xDB	Û	Û	%C3 %9B
U+0153	0x9C	œ	Å"	%C5 %93		U+00DC	0xDC	Ü	Ãœ	%C3 %9C
	0x9D					U+00DD	0xDD	Ý	Ã	%C3 %9D
U+017E	0x9E	ž	ž	%C5 %BE		U+00DE	0xDE	Þ	Þ	%C3 %9E
U+0178	0x9F	Ÿ	Ÿ	%C5 %B8		U+00DF	0xDF	ß	ß	%C3 %9F
U+00A0	0xA0		Â	%C2 %A0		U+00E0	0xE0	à	Ã	%C3 %A0
U+00A1	0xA1	¡	¡	%C2 %A1		U+00E1	0xE1	á	á	%C3 %A1
U+00A2	0xA2	¢	¢	%C2 %A2		U+00E2	0xE2	â	â	%C3 %A2
U+00A3	0xA3	£	£	%C2 %A3		U+00E3	0xE3	ã	ã	%C3 %A3
U+00A4	0xA4	¤	¤	%C2 %A4		U+00E4	0xE4	ä	ä	%C3 %A4
U+00A5	0xA5	¥	Â¥	%C2 %A5		U+00E5	0xE5	å	Ã¥	%C3 %A5
U+00A6	0xA6	¦	¦	%C2 %A6		U+00E6	0xE6	æ	æ	%C3 %A6
U+00A7	0xA7	§	§	%C2 %A7		U+00E7	0xE7	ç	ç	%C3 %A7
U+00A8	0xA8	¨	¨	%C2 %A8		U+00E8	0xE8	è	è	%C3 %A8
U+00A9	0xA9	©	©	%C2 %A9		U+00E9	0xE9	é	é	%C3 %A9
U+00AA	0xAA	ª	ª	%C2 %AA		U+00EA	0xEA	ê	ê	%C3 %AA
U+00AB	0xAB	«	«	%C2 %AB		U+00EB	0xEB	ë	ë	%C3 %AB
U+00AC	0xAC	¬	¬	%C2 %Air-conditioning		U+00EC	0xEC	ì	ì	%C3 %AC
U+00AD	0xAD	­	­	%C2 %AD		U+00ED	0xED	í	í	%C3 %AD
U+00AE	0xAE	®	®	%C2 %AE		U+00EE	0xEE	î	î	%C3 %AE
U+00AF	0xAF	¯	¯	%C2 %AF		U+00EF	0xEF	ï	ï	%C3 %AF
U+00B0	0xB0	°	°	%C2 %B0		U+00F0	0xF0	ð	ð	%C3 %B0
U+00B1	0xB1	±	±	%C2 %B1		U+00F1	0xF1	ñ	ñ	%C3 %B1
U+00B2	0xB2	²	²	%C2 %B2		U+00F2	0xF2	ò	ò	%C3 %B2
U+00B3	0xB3	³	³	%C2 %B3		U+00F3	0xF3	ó	ó	%C3 %B3
U+00B4	0xB4	´	´	%C2 %B4		U+00F4	0xF4	ô	ô	%C3 %B4
U+00B5	0xB5	µ	µ	%C2 %B5		U+00F5	0xF5	õ	õ	%C3 %B5
U+00B6	0xB6	¶	¶	%C2 %B6		U+00F6	0xF6	ö	ö	%C3 %B6
U+00B7	0xB7	·	·	%C2 %B7		U+00F7	0xF7	÷	÷	%C3 %B7
U+00B8	0xB8	¸	¸	%C2 %B8		U+00F8	0xF8	ø	ø	%C3 %B8
U+00B9	0xB9	¹	¹	%C2 %B9		U+00F9	0xF9	ù	ù	%C3 %B9
U+00BA	0xBA	º	º	%C2 %BA		U+00FA	0xFA	ú	ú	%C3 %BA
U+00BB	0xBB	»	»	%C2 %BB		U+00FB	0xFB	û	û	%C3 %BB
U+00BC	0xBC	¼	¼	%C2 %BC		U+00FC	0xFC	ü	ü	%C3 %BC
U+00BD	0xBD	½	½	%C2 %BD		U+00FD	0xFD	ý	ý	%C3 %BD
U+00BE	0xBE	¾	¾	%C2 %BE		U+00FE	0xFE	þ	þ	%C3 %BE
U+00BF	0xBF	¿	¿	%C2 %BF		U+00FF	0xFF	ÿ	ÿ	%C3 %BF

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